The History Of Ripon

The Cathedral: A Monument of Spiritual and Architectural Evolution

Ripon Cathedral is a living testament to both the spiritual and architectural history of Northern England. The story begins in 672 AD when St. Wilfrid, an influential figure in the region’s Christian history, summoned expert craftsmen from France and Italy to construct a grand church. This early masterpiece was adorned with columns, side aisles, and numerous windows, allowing light to illuminate the space in a way that was both functional and symbolic of divine presence. The church’s intricate arches and cloister further highlighted the influence of continental European craftsmanship on early English architecture.

However, the original structure was short-lived. In 860 AD, King Eder of Mercia destroyed St. Wilfrid’s church, leaving little more than the crypt we see today. Despite this devastation, the church’s significance persisted, and by the 11th century, a new, substantial stone building rose from the ruins. This second incarnation laid the foundations for what would evolve into Ripon Cathedral.

The Cathedral as we know it was largely shaped by Archbishop Roger de Pont L’Évêque in the 12th century. In 1180, he initiated the construction of a new, larger church that dwarfed its predecessor. This design forms the core of the present-day Cathedral, though significant modifications have been made over the centuries. In 1220, Archbishop Walter de Gray added the iconic West Front, a stunning example of Gothic architecture. Then, in 1286, Archbishop John le Romanus rebuilt and enlarged the East end, adding further grandeur to the building.

The Cathedral’s long history is not without adversity. A severe storm in 1660 caused the collapse of the central spire. Subsequent repairs included the removal of the spires from the western towers to ensure safety. Despite these challenges, Ripon Cathedral remains a place of worship and architectural wonder, standing tall as a symbol of resilience and continuity over 13 centuries.

For more information on Ripon Cathedral’s architectural history, visit Ripon Cathedral’s official website.

The Wakeman Tradition: Over 900 Years of Guardianship

One of Ripon’s most enduring traditions is the Wakeman’s horn-blowing, a practice that has remained unbroken for over 900 years. Every evening at precisely 9:00 PM, the Hornblower sounds the horn at the four corners of the Market Cross. This simple yet powerful act signifies that the Wakeman, the original keeper of law and order in the city, is on duty to safeguard Ripon’s inhabitants.

The role of the Wakeman dates back to medieval times when Ripon, like many towns, required an appointed guardian of the peace. This individual, responsible for maintaining law and order, was highly respected. In 1604, a Wakeman was recorded as residing in what is now the Wakeman’s House, a historic building that still stands as a testament to this ancient civic duty.

The tradition is so vital to Ripon’s identity that the Town Hall bears the inscription: “Except ye Lord Keep ye Cittie ye Wakeman waketh in vain.” Over the centuries, the title of Wakeman eventually evolved into that of Mayor, but the nightly horn-blowing continues, connecting modern-day Ripon with its rich medieval past.

The Unicorn Hotel: A Hub of Ripon’s Social Fabric

The Unicorn Hotel is an integral part of Ripon’s history, serving travellers and locals alike for over six centuries. The first known mention of the Unicorn appears in the Poll Tax records of 1379, making it one of the town’s oldest surviving inns. During the late Middle Ages, inns were often required to display a recognizable symbol, as many people were unable to read. The Unicorn, a creature taken from medieval Bestiaries, was chosen as a symbol of purity, strength, and even protection against poison—a perfect choice for an establishment catering to weary travellers.

In the 18th century, the Unicorn became famous for one of its most eccentric characters, Tom Crudd, affectionately known as “Old Boots.” Tom was a servant at the inn, famous for his peculiar appearance, particularly his ability to hold a coin between his large nose and chin. His humorous demeanour and this quirky talent made him a popular figure among guests, who would often give him coins to witness his trick. The Unicorn, with its storied past and unique characters, remains a key landmark in Ripon today.

Saint Wilfrid’s Day: A Joyous Celebration of Ripon’s Patron Saint

Each year, the streets of Ripon come alive with colour and celebration for Saint Wilfrid’s Day. The festival honours Saint Wilfrid, the 7th-century bishop and founder of Ripon Cathedral. This annual event brings the community together in a vibrant procession that includes themed floats, traditional Morris dancers, classic cars, and, of course, a costumed Saint Wilfrid riding through the streets on horseback.

The celebration has deep roots in Ripon’s Christian heritage, and the day is filled with activities that reflect both historical reverence and contemporary community spirit. While the festival commemorates Saint Wilfrid’s foundational role in the town’s religious and civic life, it also serves as a showcase for Ripon’s ongoing cultural vitality.

Saint Wilfrid’s Day is more than a simple historical remembrance—it’s a living tradition that continues to evolve, celebrating Ripon’s proud past while looking toward its future.